Physics 01
How Much Energy Is in 1 Gram of Matter? E = mc² Worked
One gram of mass is 9 × 10¹³ J, about 21 kilotons of TNT. Why bombs convert under 0.1% of their fuel, plotted from a fitted binding-energy curve.
relativity
Physics 02
Is Warp Drive Possible? The Alcubierre Energy Bill
Is warp drive possible? Alcubierre's 1994 metric is valid relativity, but it needs negative energy. We compute how much and check the newer claims.
Physics 03
How Does LIGO Detect Gravitational Waves? The Real Numbers
LIGO times laser light in two 4 km arms. GW150914 shifted their difference by 4×10⁻¹⁸ m, 1/420 of a proton. Optics, chirp and the stretched-light puzzle.
Physics 04
Twin Paradox Explained: Why the Traveller Ages Less
The twin paradox explained with a worked 0.8c trip: 10 years on Earth, 6 on the ship. Why acceleration is not the cause, plus Doppler counts.
Space 05
What Happens If You Fall Into a Black Hole? The Real Numbers
At a stellar black hole's horizon the stretch is 21 million g. At Sgr A* it is 0.0001 g. Tidal math, your clock and what outsiders see, worked out.
Physics 06
Black hole time dilation: compare two clocks without the movie shortcuts
Work through supported-clock time dilation outside a nonrotating black hole, and distinguish clock rates from orbits and delayed light signals.