Electronics 01
Why Do LEDs Need a Resistor? The I-V Curve Explained
An LED's current rises exponentially with voltage: 0.1 V extra takes a red LED from 20 mA to 56 mA. Here is the physics, the resistor math and the fixes.
Electronics
Electronics 02
How Does an MPPT Charge Controller Work? Real Curves
A 100 W panel on PWM gives 82 W at 25 °C. MPPT recovers the rest by running a DC-DC converter at the panel's best voltage. When it helps and when not.
Electronics 03
ATtiny25, ATtiny45, ATtiny85 Complete Guide for Makers and Engineers
A complete guide to the ATtiny25 ATtiny45 and ATtiny85 microcontrollers covering features, pinout, memory, peripherals, programming methods and low-power design tips. Ideal for makers, students and engineers building compact embedded systems
Electronics 04
Why Your SPICE Simulator Is Not Oscillating—and How to Fix It
Fix SPICE oscillation issues fast in Ltspice, Qspice, NgSpice, proteus or in any other simulator.