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Amazing Science behind Flying Snake

Shounak Das
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2
Amazing Science behind Flying Snake

Have you ever heard of a snake that can fly? The flying snake may sound like a Sci-Fi creature, but it’s a real and fascinating species. In our blog post, we dive into the world of these amazing animals. From their unique adaptations to their behavior in the wild, you’ll learn all about the amazing abilities of the flying snake. So join us on this journey to discover the incredible world of these gliding reptiles

  1. Introduction
  2. The Experiment
  3. The anatomy of a flying snake
  4. The Physics Behind it
  5. Application on Robotics
  6. Conclusion

Introduction

Flying snake may sound like something out of a science fiction movie, but in the whispering forests of Indonesia, there exists a species of snake known as Chrysopelea Paradisi, or the flying snake, that has the ability to glide through the air. But how do these snakes accomplish this feat, and what can we learn from their unique movement?

In this blog post, we’ll delve into the science behind the flying snake’s ability to glide, and explore how this behavior could potentially be used in the field of robotics to develop new technologies that can navigate through challenging environments. From undulating their bodies to flattening their bodies to gain extra surface area for support, the flying snake’s gliding mechanism is a truly unique and intriguing aspect of their biology. Join us as we explore the mystery of the flying snake and the potential applications of their behavior.

The Experiment:

Jake Socha and his colleagues at Virginia Tech’s department of biomedical engineering and mechanics have created the first continuous, anatomically-accurate 3D mathematical model of Chrysopelea paradisi, in flight. To do this, they studied more than 100 live specimens in an indoor glide arena that is 14.9 meters long, 12.5 meters wide, and 9.1 meters tall. The floor of the arena was covered with foam.

Video: How Flying Snake actually Flies? :Science Loop

The floor of the arena was covered with foam. The snake was lifted high into air and dropred from it. The team used 23 high-speed cameras equipped with infrared light to analyze the frequencies of undulating waves, direction, forces acting on the body, and mass distribution of the snakes, as well as running simulations to alter their movements.

The 3D models revealed that aerial undulation served multiple purposes, including stabilizing the snake during rotational turns mid-flight and increasing horizontal and vertical travel distances. The researchers hope their work will contribute to understanding how snakes fly and potentially lead to the development of gliding robots.

The anatomy of a flying snake

The anatomy of a flying snake is unique, allowing these reptiles to soar through the air with ease. One of the key features of their anatomy is their scales, which are ridged and allow them to climb up tree trunks with ease. They are also able to flatten their abdomen and flare out their ribs to create a “pseudo concave wing,” which helps them glide through the air.

In addition to these physical adaptations, flying snakes are able to make a motion of lateral undulation in the air to stabilize their direction and land safely. These snakes are able to glide longer distances than other gliding animals, such as flying squirrels, and can even travel up to 100 meters in a single glide. Overall, the anatomy of a flying snake is a marvel of nature, allowing these reptiles to navigate their environment in a unique and impressive way.

The Physics Behind it

The process by which flying snakes fly is a unique and fascinating aspect of their biology. These snakes are able to take to the air by flattening their bodies and using their undulating movements to gain lift and stability.

One key aspect of this process is the snake’s ability to flatten its body. By flattening its body, the snake is able to increase the surface area available to support its weight. This allows the snake to glide through the air, much like a flying squirrel.

Using of Motion Capture

In order to study this process more closely, researchers have used motion capture technology to track the movements of flying snakes in the air. This technology, which is commonly used in Hollywood movies to capture the movements of actors, involves placing markers on the snake and tracking them in a 3D space. Through the use of this technology, researchers have been able to gain a better understanding of the undulating movements that allow flying snakes to stay aloft. These movements, which were previously undescribed, are crucial for maintaining the stability of the snake’s glide.

Role of Undulating Movements

Undulation is a key aspect of the flight mechanism of flying snakes. These snakes are able to stay aloft by using their undulating movements to maintain stability and lift. Without undulation, the snake is still able to cover some distance, but eventually tumbles over. However, when undulation is present, the snake is able to maintain a stable position and continue gliding through the air.

What is Undulation?

This type of movement involves the snake’s body forming a series of waves, which helps it to slither smoothly and efficiently across various terrains.

But undulation motion isn’t just used by snakes – it’s also found in other animals, such as eels and caterpillars. In fact, it’s a common form of locomotion in the animal kingdom. So, what makes undulation motion so effective? For one, it allows animals to move quickly and efficiently without expending too much energy. It also helps them to navigate through narrow or cluttered spaces, as the wave-like motion allows them to easily bend and contort their bodies.

Flying Snake With and Without Undulation
With and Without Undulation

With and Without Undulation

This motion, combined with their slender bodies and flexible ribs, allows them to soar through the air like a glider. However, without this undulation motion, the snake would simply fall to the ground. The researchers also discovered that faster undulation than Natural setting actually decreases their aerodynamic performance.

Overall, the process by which flying snakes fly is a complex and highly specialized adaptation that allows these animals to navigate their forest habitats with ease. By studying the mechanisms behind this process, researchers are able to gain insight into the potential for future developments in robotics and other fields.

Application on Robotics

The physics of flying snakes has attracted the attention of researchers in the field of robotics, as the ability to control gliding motion could potentially be applied to the design of aerial robots. There are several key principles of flying snake physics that could be applied to the design of such robots.

First, the snakes are able to control their gliding motion by adjusting the shape of their body. By flattening their bodies and undulating their ribs, they are able to create lift and steer in the desired direction. This principle could be applied to the design of aerial robots by using flexible wings or other body structures that can be adjusted to generate lift and steer the robot.

Snake Robot
Snake Robot

Second, flying snakes are able to control their glide by adjusting the angle of their body relative to the direction of motion. By tilting their body up or down, they are able to adjust their glide path and control their descent. This principle could apply for robots to Swim.

Finally, The unique undulation motion of flying snakes could potentially be used to help design robots that can navigate through rough and challenging terrains, such as sand. By studying the way flying snakes use their bodies to form waves and glide through the air, engineers may be able to develop robots with similar capabilities for traversing difficult environments

Overall, the physics of flying snakes offers a number of potential insights and ideas for the design of aerial robots. By studying these animals and understanding how they control their gliding motion, researchers may be able to develop more agile and efficient aerial robots for a variety of applications.

Conclusion:

In conclusion, the unique undulation motion of flying snakes allows them to glide through the air with grace and precision. This motion, combined with their slender bodies and flexible ribs, allows them to soar through the air like a glider. However, without this undulation motion, the snake would simply fall to the ground. The researchers also discovered that faster undulation than Natural setting actually decreases their aerodynamic performance. This remarkable ability sets flying snakes apart from other species and makes them one of the most skilled gliders in the animal kingdom.

Glorious Near Future of Space Exploration

Shounak Das
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1
Glorious Near Future of Space Exploration

The future of space travel and exploration is an exciting topic with a lot of potential. Advances in technology and renewed interest in space exploration have opened up new possibilities for discoveries and achievements in space. This blog post will explore some of the most exciting developments in this field and discuss how they will shape the future.

  1. Introduction
  2. New propulsion systems and space vehicles
  3. Plans of colonization of other planets
  4. The potential for space tourism
  5. Breakthroughs in the search for signs of life on other planets
Illustration of a propulsion test by Dall-E 2

1. Introduction

The future of space travel and exploration is an exciting topic that has garnered a lot of attention in recent years. With major advancements in technology and a renewed focus on the potential of space exploration, the possibilities for what we can achieve in the realm of space travel and exploration are truly staggering. From the colonization of other planets to the continued search for extraterrestrial life, the future of space travel and exploration promises to be filled with incredible new discoveries and groundbreaking achievements. In this blog post, we will take a closer look at some of the most exciting developments in the field of space travel and exploration and discuss how these advancements are poised to shape the future of our species.

2. New propulsion systems and space vehicles

The space industry is constantly pushing the boundaries of what is possible with new and innovative propulsion systems. These advancements have not only allowed us to explore the depths of space like never before, but they have also opened up new possibilities for space travel and exploration.

Ion Engines or Electric propulsion

One of the most exciting developments in propulsion technology is the use of ion engines. This is in contrast to traditional propulsion systems, which use chemical reactions to create thrust. In electric propulsion, an electric power source, such as solar panels or a nuclear reactor, is used to generate electricity. This electricity is then used to ionize a fuel, such as xenon gas, into plasma. The plasma is then accelerated by electric fields, and directed by magnetic fields as it is ejected from the engine, creating thrust for the spacecraft.

Xenon ion discharge from the NSTAR ion thruster of Deep Space 1. Credit: NASA

It can reach speeds up to 90,000 meters per second  It have the potential to revolutionize space travel by allowing for longer and faster journeys through the solar system.

Solar Sail

Another exciting development is the use of solar sails. This technology harnesses the power of the sun’s rays to propel a spacecraft, allowing for much faster travel compared to traditional propulsion systems. It contains a light chipset and attached with large, reflective sails. It can go upto 20% the speed of light.

Solar Sail

In 2010, Japan’s IKAROS project successfully demonstrated the feasibility of using a large solar sail on a mission to Venus. The sail, which measured 196 square meters in area, was deployed during the mission and propelled by the radiation from the sun.

Nanospacecraft

Nanospacecraft, also known as nanosatellites or CubeSats, are small satellites that typically measure 10 cm x 10 cm x 10 cm and weigh less than 1.33 kg. These small spacecraft are designed to perform various space-related tasks, such as Earth observation, communication, and scientific research. Nanospacecraft are often much less expensive to build and launch than traditional satellites, which makes them an attractive option for space missions. They are typically powered by solar panels and use miniature propulsion systems, such as ion thrusters, to maneuver in space.

Overall, these advancements in propulsion technology are paving the way for exciting new developments in the field of space exploration. As we continue to innovate and push the boundaries of what is possible, we can look forward to a future filled with incredible discoveries and breakthroughs in space travel.

3. Plans of colonization of other planets

Different government and private space agencies (such as NASA, European Space Agency, SpaceX) have plans to explore and possibly colonize Mars in future. These plans are very ambitious and will require a lot of work and technology to make them a reality.

The potential for other planets to be habitable for humans

Recent discoveries have shown that there may be other planets in our galaxy that could potentially be habitable for humans. This is incredibly exciting news, as it opens up the possibility of finding another planet where humans could live and thrive. These planets are called “Potentially Habitable Planets”. They are located in the “habitable zone” of their star, which means that they are at the right distance from the star to potentially have liquid water on their surface. This is considered to be a key requirement for the development of life, as we know it.

Goldilocks Zone

The challenges and opportunities of colonizing other planets

The colonization of other planets is a goal that many space agencies and private companies are working towards. While this presents a number of exciting opportunities, it also comes with many challenges. One of the biggest challenges will be finding a way to sustain life on a planet that is not Earth. This will require developing new technologies for generating oxygen, producing food, and building habitats. Additionally, the cost and logistics of transporting humans and supplies to other planets will be significant. However, the potential rewards of successfully colonizing other planets are vast.

4. The potential for space tourism

The potential for space tourism is an exciting development in the field of space exploration. Agencies like SpaceX, Virgin Galactic, Blue Origin, Boeing are constantly working to make space tourism budget friendly.

With advances in space travel technology, it will be possible for private companies to offer trips to space for paying customers in near future. This presents a number of exciting opportunities, both for the companies involved and for the customers who will have the once-in-a-lifetime experience of traveling to space. Some of the potential benefits of space tourism include:

  • Increased interest and investment in space exploration, which could lead to further advancements in technology
  • Economic benefits for the companies involved and the potential for the creation of new jobs
  • The opportunity for individuals to experience the thrill of space travel and to see Earth from a unique perspective
Illustration of Space Tourism

While there are still many challenges to overcome before space tourism becomes a widespread reality, the potential for this industry is enormous. It has the potential to open up new frontiers for exploration and to provide unique experiences for those who are willing to pay for the privilege of traveling to space.

5. Breakthroughs in the search for signs of life on other planets

Who doesn’t love to watch movies or stories on Aliens? The search for extraterrestrial life is a fascinating and ongoing area of study in the field of space exploration. In recent years, there have been several breakthroughs in this field that have increased our understanding of the potential for life on other planets.

Illustration of Rover

For example, the detection of methane on Mars by ESA’s Mars Express orbiter has sparked speculation that there may be microbial life on the planet. The potential implications of finding evidence of extraterrestrial life are enormous, and could fundamentally change our understanding of the universe.

However, there are also ethical considerations surrounding the potential for making contact with other life forms. These are important issues that will continue to be explored as we continue our search for life beyond Earth.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the future of space exploration looks bright, with many exciting developments and missions on the horizon. Private companies like SpaceX and Blue Origin are making strides in the field of space travel, with the potential to make space travel more affordable and accessible. New technologies, such as electric propulsion and nanospacecraft, are making it possible for us to explore farther and faster in our solar system. As we continue to push the boundaries of what is possible, we can look forward to many new discoveries and milestones in the field of space exploration.

Top 6 things that can travel faster than light

Shounak Das
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2
Top 6 things that can travel faster than light

We all know our universe has a speed limit: The speed of light. According to  Einstein’s Special Theory of Relativity, nothing that has mass can ever travel faster than light in space (299 792 458 m/s or 3×108m/s).

 But can you imagine beyond that? Most physicists believe faster-than-light objects cannot exist because they will violet casualty, leading to many paradoxes like the grandfather paradox.

Can these objects really exist? Well, here are the top 6 ways you can break the speed limit barrier (4 ways + 2 misconceptions).

Points:

  1. Big Bang
  2. Quantum Entanglement
  3. Tachyons
  4. Laser light and the moon
  5. A light year long stick
  6. Negative Mass

Big Bang:

From books, documentaries, memes, and articles, we have heard countless times that the universe is expanding.

Big Bang illustration, generated by Dall E-2 AI

Although when we were at school, we were told that our universe was expanding, gradually it stopped expanding because of gravity. But the fact is it is not true at all. We now know the universe is not only expanding but also accelerating. We call the unknown force behind this acceleration Dark Energy.

Our Universe was created roughly around 13.8 Billion years ago from a tiny mass right after birth universe started to expand in all directions. So if it started to expand at the maximum Cosmological Speed limit (speed of light), our observable universe would be 13.8 Billion Light Year wide but when we observed the universe closely, we found that it is actually 93 billion light-years in diameter.

What’s the reason?

According to NASA about 5-6 Million years ago a mysterious force started to speed up the universe, a phenomenon that continues today. The mysterious force is none other than Dark Energy.

When we observe distant galaxies through our telescope, we find that most of them are going away from our Milky Way. In fact, some of them are moving faster than the speed of light.

Expanding space is like blowing up a balloon

We can imagine that the Galaxies are not moving alone. The space between them is expanding greater than the cosmological speed limit. You can think of it like blowing a balloon. When you start to blow a balloon, it starts to expand, and the space between particles of the rubber increases but from the particle point of view others are moving far away rapidly.

A light year long stick:

Spoiler: Before I continue I want to tell you that it is a misconception.

Here is a fun recall of your childhood. Ever thought that if you have a really long rod, you can move the end of the rod at an extremely high speed by moving the other end with a little speed?

Illustration of a light year long stick

But the reality is you can’t. I know the answer made your childhood idea incorrect but that’s how the universe works. Before I explained you need to understand how pushing works at the microscopical level.

So when you push a rod, you are actually pushing the particles of it. And those particles push others and thus they will reach their information at the end like a wave. And in the end, it would not work.

Laser light and the moon:

Spoiler: this is also a pure misconception but with extra steps.

Here is a Mind task. Think about the exact same experiment as the previous one but instead of a light-year-long rod think about a Laser light in your hand. Now imagine you are flashing it to the moon and dragging it across the surface of the moon within a fraction of a second.

Laser light projection on moon

On Moon, An observer will see your laser point will be moving Faster than the speed of Light. So what is the logic behind it?

Actually, no one here moving faster than light speed (not ever the laser light). As you drag a laser beam across a surface, the images from the laser are landing side-by-side and it forms an illusion of going faster. In fact, it does not carry any Information.

Quantum Entanglement:

Just like Dark Energy, you have heard of this phenomenon before in books, documentaries, memes, and articles. On a tiny scale, physics acts weirdly. According to Quantum Mechanics, we describe a particle as a wave function (this is called Wave-particle duality). Unlike other waves (eg: sound waves, water waves), there is no physical definition of the wave function.

Quantum Entanglement

It is pure Mathematical. To get real-world properties like position or momentum, we have to do mathematical operations o this wave function. But weirdly we have no idea if this wave function is real or not.

Now let’s say 2 electron waves meet each other. Their waves interfere with each other and mixed up. Now mathematically speaking we have one wave function that can describe both electrons even if they are far away. Measuring one electron (like spin-up and down) is now correlated with the other one and the effect is instantaneous.

Albert Einstein was very uncomfortable with this idea, If you measure one particle, another can be predicted even if it is billions of light years away. But the fact is the measurement gives you random results so it does not transfer any information.

Tachyons:

You might have come across the term tachyons in Science-faction movies or articles. The term ‘tachyon’, comes from the Greek word ‘tachys’, which means fast.

In theory, tachyons have imaginary mass. They are hypothetical because they break several laws of physics such as General relativity. Existing of Tachyons can lead to other paradoxes involving “Time Travel”.

Tachyons

Einstein’s theory suggests that a Tachyons can be identified before it was born. Well STR (Special Theory of Relativity) suggests that nothing that has greater mass than zero can’t go faster than light because it will be led to infinite mass. Only massless particles can travel faster than light(like- photons).

But what if it was always that fast, from the beginning? if it is created in this manner in the big bang that it will be impossible to slow down to the speed of light. Slowing down to light speed will take an infinite amount of energy. As a result, particles will travel at different speeds on either side of the light speed.

Negetive Matter:

This is most probably the coolest way to travel faster than light. As normal matter attracts things toward it, a negative matter repels things from it and expanding the space and time.

The best way to use the Negetive matter is using it in a worm hole. Theoretically wormholes are not stable. It ends as soon as its’ formation. It vanises so fast that light even light can’t travel through it. So physicists suggest to use negative matter to make a stable worm hole.

Made by Dall E-2 AI

However, it is not known if negative matter even exists, and whether the wormhole will be stable. To solve the problem we need to under stand Quantum gravity and for that we need to unite quantum and gravity together. The only theory that can do it is string theory but it is so complex that no one has fully understand this.

What is Young’s Double-Slit Experiment ? And its importance for beginners

Shounak Das
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0
What is Young’s Double-Slit Experiment ? And its importance for beginners

In Quantum physics, Young’s Double-Slit Experiment is one of the most successful demonstrations that light and matter can display characteristics of both waves and particles. 

In Short :

  1. A Brief History
  2. Experiment
  3. Result
  4. Reason for the interference pattern
  5. Single Slit vs Double-Slit Experiment difference
  6.  Single Slit vs Double-Slit Experiment difference
  7. Individual particles
  8. Classical mechanics
  9. Importance
  10. Interpretations

A Brief History :

  The scientific inquiry into wave characteristics of light began in the 17th – 18th Century. Many scientists such as Robert Hooke, Christiaan Huygens, and Leonhard Euler . In 1803 Thomas Young described his famous Double-Slit Experiment which is known as Young’s Double-Slit Experiment. The Double Slit Experiment was first conducted by Thomas Young back in 1803, although Sir Isaac Newton is said to have performed a similar experiment in his own time. Newton shone a light on hair but Thomas Young did it on the slit.

Young’s Double-Slit Experiment

Experiment :

 The Double-Slit Experiment uses two coherent sources of light placed at a small distance apart. There is a screen at some distance. As the light sources turn on the interference pattern appears on the screen. The Original Double-Slit Experiment was used two-slit and one source of light. The light source was placed behind the slit. As light passes through the slit, both of them behave like point sources. 

Result :

The result of the experiment is shocking. In the screen, the light was creating bright and dark bands ( interference pattern)

Single Slit vs Double-Slit Experiment

Before knowing the reason, we need to learn what is an interference pattern. It is a phenomenon When two waves superpose to form a resultant wave of greater, lower, or the same amplitude.

 Using this phenomenon we can easily identify the characteristics of the suspect.

So in this case The wave nature of light causes the light waves passing through the two slits to interfere, producing bright and dark bands on the screen. 

  • In Single slit experiment light spreads out in a line perpendicular to the slit.
  • In Double-Slit Experiment light diffracts when passing through a slit. The light waves interfere with each other and create a Dark and Bright band.

One of the most important versions of the experiment includes a single particle. Sending particles through double-slit one at a time resulting in a single particle on the screen. But as the experiment moves forward, the particles start to behave in wave nature and they start to create the interference pattern on the screen. This phenomenon demonstrates the wave-particle duality, which states that all matter behaves both particle and wave properties. Here the particle represents a single position and the wave represents the probability of finding the particle in a position. The phenomena have occurred with electrons, photons, some molecules, etc.

The wave pattern for electrons passing through a double slit, one-at-a-time. If you measure “which slit” the electron goes through, you destroy the quantum interference pattern shown here. However, the wave-like behavior remains so long as the electrons have a de Broglie wavelength that’s smaller than the size of the slit they’re passing through.

 In this picture, you can see the Double-Slit Experiment result of electrons. In “a” the electrons are showing their particle nature. As the experiment moves forward the wave properties can be seen. Here the high-density area represents the higher probability of finding electrons and the low electron density area represents the lower probability. \

 Most of the behavior of the light can be modeled using Classical mechanics. 

 Huygens Fresnel’s principal is one of them. In the principal, it states that each point on a wavefront generates a secondary wavelet and that the disturbance at any subsequent point can be found by summing the contributions of the individual wavelets at that point. 

The Double-Slit Experiment is one of the most successful demonstrations in Quantum mechanics. It shows that the particle has a wave nature. It also made scientists aware of the incredible, confounding world of quantum mechanics.

Interpretations :

Like  Schrödinger’s cat thought experiment, the double-slit experiment is often used to highlight the differences and similarities between the various interpretations of quantum mechanics.

The Science of Loki’s time travel and branches of parallel Universe in Marvel Universe

Shounak Das
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0
The Science of Loki’s time travel and branches of parallel Universe in Marvel Universe

MARVEL’S infamous ANTI-HERO Loki has made his way out of many “Impossible to escape” situations before, but in the new Disney+ Hotstar show Loki (the God of Mischief) may have finally become entangled in a fight that he can’t win — the war against time by getting the Tessaract with the power of his cleverness but believe it or not the time travel and the branching of the universe in Loki is possible according to the Quantum Theory. Let’s see the Science of it

  1. The time travel according to Quantum mechanics
  2.  Branching of The Universe and Multiverse 
  3. How to time travel 
  4. Could we use the branching of the universe in time travel?
  5. Is there any scientific Evidence to support the Multiverse Theory?
  6. Can we merge the branches of the Multiverse?
  7. Conclusion
Loki

The Science of Loki’s time travel

As Marvel’s Loki wasn’t a TV character he didn’t make an appearance in the Marvel Cinematic Universe before). The Science of Loki’s time travel. Back in 2012 in Marvel Avenger, at the time of catching him, he took the Tessaract by his cleverness and after using it, he transferred to Utha Dessert of an another parallel Universe and caught by the guards of Time keeper. At the end of the trailer for Disney+ Marvel’s new TV show ‘Marvel’s Loki’ there’s a plot point where Loki talks to himself and says “To find a way to win, to change the future, you need to learn the art of time travel.” This is where the story will pick up and where we’ll see Loki (Tom Hiddleston) doing what he does best. Don’t worry though, since we’re on the subject of comics… Apparently Odin (Anthony Hopkins) used to time travel. In Thor, he made a 3,000 year jump in the Asgardian future, and another time jump in the present. 

What is the branching Universe and Multiverse?

The Multiverse is a theoretical concept in Quantum mechanics. It gains poloularity in the pop culture like- comic book and sci-fi fiction. According to this theory, the Multiverse is made up of an infinite number of parallel universes, some of them distant, some of them close. Back in Newtonian physics, we assumed that time is rigid and flows same for every point on Space but Einstein came along and says “no” time is like river. It can slow down and can speed up and then Quantum physics takes place and says the river can split up in different branches and every branches has it’s own choice to choose a path.

You can take the main river as a main time stream, when ever you make a dicision our universe spit in to 2 reality (That’s Call the Big bang). So every time you perform motion the universe splits and make a new baby universe. May be there are some universe, where you are a Trillioner, Scientist, YouTuber or a Loki, all the universes that the Marvel universe rests on are branches, and the only reason why they are branches is because every branch of a tree is in a different state, and according to Marvel’s theory, this means that they are all different universes but all in a different state. How could a Infinity Stone allow a character to travel through the Multiverse? Imagine being in a room where two windows can exist. One window shows the next few days, and the other one shows the rest of the Multiverse.

Could we use the branching universes to time-travel?

Did Loki hint at time travel? Can time travel be achieved? And the answer is yes, time travel can be achieved but it is not same as conventional time travel. You need to use Quantum mechanics. When you try to travel through time, you have to creat a worm hole. According to Quantum mechanics every past and future timeline exist for an object. So if you want to travel through time, you need to go the another parallel Universe. Remember this is not your own world. Every time you will do something in that universe, the universe will split into branches and lead them towards a different future.

Is there scientific evidence to support the multiverse?

Let’s hear the physicists. What is the multiverse? The idea of the multiverse is an outgrowth of quantum mechanics. Quantum mechanics means that our conception of the world of everyday objects is incomplete, since it fails to account for the existence of subatomic particles such as electrons and quarks that make up the bulk of matter and energy in the Universe. Our best understanding of the Universe suggests that, at its very fundamental level, it contains a mixture of two types of things. The Universe we observe is the result of matter and energy that have become separated by the destruction of the Big Bang, forming the realm of the living, in addition to a substantial part of which we can’t see. Let’s simplify this- you are reading this article in your phone but according to Quantum physics there is a non zero possibility that you are watching this on TV or laptop. May be you are doing this in another Universes.

Loki’s Journey

Loki’s long search for the truth that he is the God of Mischief and the leader of Asgard has lead him to a number of dangerous and unexpected lands, and he hasn’t always emerged from them, alive or unhurt. Each time he has left the mortal plane, he has gained clues to the location of the Asgardian Translator, the Stone of Agamotto, the only object that can grant access to another realm. He has gone to more worlds than any Asgardian before him. When he thought he had found it, he found a vast, brutal land full of dragons and fallen angels. He has faced foes far more powerful than he has ever faced before, but he has never been threatened with a fate worse than death. The fact that the MCU films have managed to follow through on the original plot that appeared in the Loki: Agent of Asgard comic book series makes it appear as though this story may be closer to the source material than some of the others, but is there actually science to support this? Loki’s father, the Goddess of Mischief Loki (and one half of the god of chaos himself), may be the origin of the MCU’s divine archer, but a common one can explain many of the mad scientist’s shenanigans. The World of Quantum Mechanics shows that all reality is created from the interactions between particles, and they can be destroyed through the quantum law of self-destructive annihilation. 

Paradox and Solutions:

There are plenty of Paradox related time travel. Like killing your own grand father or giving the blue print of time machine to a younger yourself. If you apply these, these make no sense. You can create and get information out of nothing! 

 But according to Quantum physics. When you travel through time, you will not reach your own past. Instead you will reach the parallel universes where your past is gonna happen. So what ever you will do, your past I your universes will not change but the future of the parallel universes will see a another future.

Conclusions 

The Quantum world and parallel Universes is very complex and specially weird. This is just like a Drunken person whose patch is undetermined but we can tell the possibilities of his path. (This is the First web series I am watching) I have tried to cover all aspects of the Multiverse in this post to the best of my knowledge (Although I haven’t use the math). This is not a prediction about the Multiverse itself, but it is about the possibility of there being more parallel Universes or universes that are not visible to us.

Why Wood is more Valuable than Diamonds in the whole Universe

Shounak Das
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2
Why Wood is more Valuable than Diamonds in the whole Universe

Recently a fact on the viral that woods are more valuable than diamonds but why is it? I mean, if you go to a jewellery shop and a wood shop will find that diamonds are more valuable than woods. Even the raw diamonds are more beautiful than so why the question? if you know the answer – 

 why diamonds are less valuable than wood in the whole universe write them in the comment section below.

Topics :

  1. Introduction
  2. Formation of Diamond
  3. Formation of wood
  4. Extraterrestrial Diamonds
  5. Where you can find wood
  6. Conclusion : My last Thought

     Okay let’s explore the physical composition of the diamond. The diamonds are the most concentrated form of pure carbon in the natural world and it is one of the most hardest material on earth. To understand why dimes are so rare we need to understand how diamonds are formed.

Formation of Diamond :

condition of intense heat and pressure. Diamonds are found at a depth of approx 180-200 km (93 and 155 mi) Diamonds are formed around 3 billion years ago deep within the earth’s crust under the. Here’s the temperature averaged 900 to 130 degrees Celsius. pressure at the earth. The organic process of diamond formation

requires four ingredients – 

  • Carbon : a chemical element
  • Time : a physical quantity
  • Pressure : a  physical quantity
  • Heat  : a  physical quantity

 The extreme heat and pressure combined, actually modified graphite, a crystalline carbon, on the atomic level. This graphite molecule composition from hexagonal pattern to triangular one resulting a diamond. later they transfer from deep within the earth to the surface via volcanic pipes.

Source : Sketchfab

               

Formation of wood :

 In other hand we can get wood easily on the earth’s surface. Just plant a tree wait for a few years or decades or more and wow ! you can get woods. You need not to wait for billions of year or need not to dig hole on earth but there’s a twist. Until now we are talking about the Earth but what’s about the universe ? 

– To understand this we need to blast up to the outer space.

 Our universe is vast from our current observation is around 93 billion light-years wide in diameter. There are about 200 billion galaxies and each of them has around 100 billions of stars compared to them our arts and the solar system is just a tiny dot.

Extraterrestrial Diamonds:

  Diamonds on the earth are rare but diamonds in the universe are not rare. You can find diamonds on an asteroid. 

Diamonds on Asteroid :

Back in 1987, a team of scientists examined some materials and found grains of diamonds about 2 Nanometer in diameter. Analysis of more materials we found Nano diamonds from many stars.

Diamonds on solar Planets :

 If we move forward we can find diamonds on planets. Back in 1981 Marvin Ross wrote a paper, titled “The ice layer in Uranus and Neptune — diamonds in the sky?” in which he proposed that huge quantities of diamonds might be found in the interior of this planet. at LLNL he analysed data from the shock-wave compression of methane and found that extreme pressure separate carbon from hydrogen freeing it to form diamond.

Jupiter and Saturn :

 Diamond rain also appeared in Jupiter and Saturn. According to atmospheric data about 1000 tons fallen Saturn. These planets have methane rich atmosphere. During storms, lightings turn it into carbon as carbon begins to fall. It is subjected to intense temperature and pressure. These conditions squeeze them into chunk of Graphites. As pressure increases graphite is compressed, making it literally rain diamonds but about 22,000 miles in the Saturn atmosphere, temperature rises and diamonds compost into the mushy liquid.

 According to NASA’s jet propulsion laboratory such diamonds would be about a centimeter in diameter.

Source : Youtube/ Science Loop

Diamond Planet :

You can find diamonds outside the solar system.

1.  There’s exoplanet name 55 Cancri e. The planet is orbiting a sun like 55 Cancri a. The mass of the exoplanet is about 8.63 earth masses it is located from 40 light years from the earth and it is largely made of diamond.

2. There is a planet named  PSR J1719-1438 b companion to a millisecond pulsar. It has a density at least twice that of lead and may be composed mainly of the ultra dense diamond. 

Diamonds in Star :

It has been proposed that diamonds can be found in the carbon rich stars, particularly white dwarfs. The white dwarf  BPM 37093, located 50 light-years away in the constellation Centaurus and having a diameter of 4,000 km, may have a diamond core which was nickname is lucy. The giant gardening diamond is likely one of the largest diamonds in the whole universe.

Where you can find wood :

On other hand, we know that woods are

made from trees and from our current knowledge we know that trees are only found on earth. Yes! astronomers have found habitable or super habitable planets but we do not know that they contain life. 

Conclusion : My last Thought

 Wood is a porous and fibrous structural tissue found in the stems and roots of trees and other woody plants. It is an organic structure. It also conveys water and nutrients between leaves other growing tissues and roots. It may also refer to other plant material with comparable properties and to material engineered from wood or wood chips or fiber. Wood has been used for thousands of years for fuel, like construction, material, weapons, furniture, and paper. Woods and diamonds have one similarity they are both made of carbons but wood is a complex organic structure and compared to its diamonds is simple. In the whole universe, wood is rarer than diamonds. Trees can give you oxygen and it is one of the major member of our ecosystem and after they die they gives us wood. So woods are more valuable than diamonds.

Some Databases are collected from :
1. https://geology.com/articles/diamonds-from-coal/
2. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diamond
3. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood
4. https://scitechdaily.com/largest-extraterrestrial-diamonds-ever-discovered-cosmic-diamonds-formed-during-gigantic-planetary-collisions/
5. https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/diamonds-and-science/

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