Electronics 01
ADC Resolution vs Accuracy: ENOB, INL and the Reference
A 10-bit Arduino ADC resolves 4.9 mV but can be 130 mV wrong. Resolution vs accuracy, ENOB = (SINAD − 1.76)/6.02, INL/DNL, and what averaging fixes.
adc
Electronics 02
Nyquist Theorem: Why Twice the Frequency Isn't Enough
Sample a sine at exactly twice its frequency and you can record pure zeros. Why Nyquist needs more than 2x, how aliasing folds, and why CDs use 44.1 kHz.